B2 : Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
Below is a B2 reading task about the Galapagos islands in Ecuador. Enjoy!
Vocabulary
​​
- Endemic --->
According to the Cambridge Dictionary, endemic means something is regularly found and very common in a specific area or group, especially a disease or condition. For example, you might say that malaria is endemic in many of the hotter regions of the world.
Here are some other examples of endemic in a sentence:
-
"The disease is endemic among British sheep".
-
"There is endemic racism/poverty/violence in many of the country's cities".
-
"Some of these problems are endemic to big US cities".
-
"Corruption is endemic in some parts of the police force".
Synonyms of endemic include common, rife, commonplace, widespread, and prevalent.
​
- Affinities --->
According to the Cambridge Dictionary, affinity is a noun that means a liking or sympathy for someone or something, especially because of shared characteristics. It can also mean a close similarity between two things.
Here are some examples of affinity in a sentence:
-
"She seems to have a natural affinity for/with water".
-
"There are several close affinities between the two paintings".
-
"Many classical musicians have an affinity for jazz".
Synonyms of affinity include attraction and sympathy.
Affinity can also refer to:
-
Affinity group: An organized group of people who share the same interests or belong to the same organization.
-
Binding affinity: In pharmacology, affinity refers to how avidly a drug binds its receptor.
​​
- Adaptation --->
the process of changing to suit different conditions:
The documentary is about corruption, crime and human adaptation to difficult circumstances.
His team's successful adaptation to life in the top-flight has come as no surprise.
​​
- Symbiosis --->
a relationship between two types of animal or plant in which each provides for the other the conditions necessary for its continued existence
a relationship between people or organizations that depend on each other equally
​​
-
​
​
Galapagos
General Information
Galapagos Islands, island group of the eastern Pacific Ocean, administratively a province of Ecuador. The Galapagos consist of 13 major islands (ranging in area from 5.4 to 1,771 square miles [14 to 4,588 square km]), 6 smaller islands, and scores of islets and rocks lying athwart the Equator 600 miles (1,000 km) west of the mainland of Ecuador. Their total land area of 3,093 square miles (8,010 square km) is scattered over 23,000 square miles (59,500 square km) of ocean. The government of Ecuador designated part of the Galapagos a wildlife sanctuary in 1935, and in 1959 the sanctuary became the Galapagos National Park. In 1978 the islands were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site, and in 1986 the Galapagos Marine Resources Reserve was created to protect the surrounding waters. The Charles Darwin Research Station on Santa Cruz (Indefatigable) Island promotes scientific studies and protects the indigenous vegetation and animal life of the Galapagos.
​
The Galapagos Islands are formed of lava piles and dotted with shield volcanoes, many of which are periodically active. The striking ruggedness of the arid landscape is accentuated by high volcanic mountains, craters, and cliffs. The largest of the islands, Isabela (Albemarle), is approximately 82 miles (132 km) long and constitutes more than half of the total land area of the archipelago; it contains Mount Azul, at 5,541 feet (1,689 metres) the highest point of the Galapagos Islands. The second largest island is Santa Cruz.
History
The Galapagos Islands were discovered in 1535 by the bishop of Panama, Tomás de Berlanga, whose ship had drifted off course while en route to Peru. He named them Las Encantadas (“The Enchanted”), and in his writings he marveled at the thousands of large galápagos (tortoises) found there. Numerous Spanish voyagers stopped at the islands from the 16th century, and the Galapagos also came to be used by pirates and by whale and seal hunters. The area had been unclaimed for almost 300 years before colonization began on what is now Santa María Island in 1832, when Ecuador took official possession of the archipelago. The islands became internationally famous as a result of their being visited in 1835 by the English naturalist Charles Darwin; their unusual fauna contributed to the groundbreaking theories on natural selection presented in his On the Origin of Species (1859).
Climate
The climate of the Galapagos Islands is characterized by low rainfall, low humidity, and relatively low air and water temperatures. The islands have thousands of plant and animal species, of which the vast majority are endemic. The archipelago’s arid lowlands are covered by an open cactus forest. A transition zone at higher elevations is covered with a forest in which pisonia (a four o’clock plant) and guava trees dominate, and the moist forest region above the transition zone is dominated by a Scalesia forest with dense underbrush. The treeless upland zone is covered with ferns and grasses.
Animal Life/Wildlife
​​​​The archipelago is renowned for its unusual animal life. Its giant tortoises are thought to have some of the longest life spans (up to 150 years) of any creature on Earth. The close affinities of Galapagos animals to the fauna of South and Central America indicate that most of the islands’ species originated there. Because of subsequent evolutionary adaptations, an amazing range of subspecies are found on the islands today. Galapagos finches, for example, have developed a multitude of adaptive types from one common ancestral type; their subspecies now differ mainly in beak shape and size. The swimming marine iguanas, which feed on seaweed and in some places cover the coastal rocks by the hundreds, are unique and endemic. Another species of interest is the flightless cormorant. In addition, penguins and fur seals live on the islands side by side with tropical animals. A geologic study published in 1992 suggested that underwater seamounts near the Galapagos had formed islands between 5,000,000 and 9,000,000 years ago; this helped explain the great amount of endemic speciation, which many biologists believe could not have occurred in a lesser amount of time. The existing Galapagos Islands were formed between 700,000 and 5,000,000 years ago, making them geologically young.
​
The islands’ human inhabitants, mostly Ecuadorans, live in settlements on San Cristóbal, Santa María, Isabela, and Santa Cruz islands; Baltra has an Ecuadoran military base. Some of the islands are virtually untouched by humans, but many have been altered by the introduction of nonnative plants, the growth of the local human population, and tourist traffic. Tourism, fishing, and agriculture are the main economic activities. Pop. (2001) 18,640; (2010) 25,124.
​
​
External Link : https://www.britannica.com/place/Galapagos-Islands
Quiz 1
​General Information
​
1 - Galapagos Islands, island group of the eastern Pacific Ocean, administratively a province of __________.
a. Panama
b. Costa Rica
c. Colombia
d. Ecuador
e. Peru
f. Brazil
​​
2 - The Galapagos consist of __________ major islands, 6 smaller islands, and scores of islets and rocks lying athwart the Equator 600 miles west of the mainland of Ecuador.
a. 11
b. 12
c. 13
d. 14
e. 15
f. 25​​
​​
3 - The government of Ecuador designated part of the Galapagos a wildlife sanctuary in 1935, and in __________ the sanctuary became the Galapagos National Park.
a. 1957
b. 1958
c. 1959
d. 1960
e. 1961
f. 1962
​
4 - In 1978 the islands were designated a __________ World Heritage site, and in 1986 the Galapagos Marine Resources Reserve was created to protect the surrounding waters.
a. UNICEF ​
b. UN
c. UNESCO
d. WWF
e. WHO
f. WIPO
​
​
5 - The Charles Darwin Research Station on __________ (Indefatigable) Island promotes scientific studies and protects the indigenous vegetation and animal life of the Galapagos.
a. ​Santa Isabela
b. Bartolome
c. Floreana
d. Santa Cruz
e. San Cristobal
f. Wolf Island
​​​​
6 The Galapagos Islands are formed of lava piles and dotted with shield volcanoes, many of which are periodically active.
a. True
b. False
​
7 - The largest of the islands, __________ (Albemarle), is approximately 82 miles (132 km) long and constitutes more than half of the total land area of the archipelago; it contains Mount Azul, at 5,541 feet (1,689 metres) the highest point of the Galapagos Islands. The second largest island is __________.
a. Wolf Island & Santa Cruz
b. Isabela & Wolf Island
c. Santa Cruz & Santa Barbara
d. Santa Cruz & Isabela
e. Isabela & Santa Cruz
f. None of the Above ​
​​​--- --- --- Quiz 2 --- --- ---
History
​​
8 - The Galapagos Islands were discovered in 1535 by the bishop of Panama, Tomás de Berlanga, whose ship had drifted off course while en route to Ecuador.
a. True
b. False
​​
9 - He named them Las Encantadas (“__________”), and in his writings he marveled at the thousands of large galápagos (tortoises) found there.
a. The Marvelous
b. The Magnificent
c. The Majestic
d. The Enchanted
e. The Amazing
f. None of the Above
​​​
10 - Numerous __________ voyagers stopped at the islands from the 16th century, and the Galapagos also came to be used by pirates and by whale and seal hunters.
a. Spanish
b. French
c. Dutch
d. English
e. Portuguese
f. Italian
​​​
11 - The area had been unclaimed for almost __________ years before colonization began on what is now Santa María Island in 1832, when Ecuador took official possession of the archipelago.
a. 100
b. 200
c. 300
d. 400
e. 500
f. 600
​
12 - The islands became internationally famous as a result of their being visited in 1835 by the English naturalist __________ ; their unusual fauna contributed to the groundbreaking theories on natural selection presented in his On the Origin of Species (1859).
a. Charles S. Dutton
b. Charles Grodin
c. Charles Darwin
d. Charles Barkley
e. Charles Chaplin
f. Charlie Day
​​
--- --- --- Quiz 3 --- --- ---
Climate
​13. The climate of the Galapagos Islands is characterized by low rainfall, low humidity, and relatively low air and water temperatures
a. True
b. False
​​​​
​14. The islands have thousands of plant and animal species, of which the vast majority are invasive.​​
a. True
b. False
​​​
15. The archipelago’s arid lowlands are covered by an open guava tree forest.
a. True
b. False
​
16. A transition zone at higher elevations is covered with a forest in which pisonia (a four o’clock plant) and cactus forests dominate,
a. True
b. False
​
17. The moist forest region above the transition zone is dominated by a Scalesia forest with dense underbrush.
a. True
b. False
​
18. The treeless upland zone is covered with ferns and grasses.
a. True
b. False
​​​​
--- --- --- Quiz 4 --- --- ---
--- --- --- Animal Life/Wildlife --- --- ---
​
19. The archipelago is renowned for its unusual animal life
a, True
b, False
​
20. Its giant tortoises are thought to have some of the longest life spans (up to 150 years) of any creature on Earth.
a. True
b. False
​​
21. ​ The close affinities of Galapagos animals to the fauna of South and Central America indicate that most of the islands’ species originated there. Because of subsequent evolutionary adaptations, an amazing range of subspecies are found on the islands today.
a. True
b. False
​
22. Galapagos finches, for example, have developed a multitude of adaptive types from one common ancestral type; their subspecies now differ mainly in wing shape and size.
a. True ​
b. False
​
23. The swimming marine iguanas, which feed on seaweed and in some places cover the coastal rocks by the hundreds, are unique and endemic.
a. True
b. False
​​
24. Another species of interest is the flightless Darwin Finch.
a. True ​
b. False
​
25. In addition, penguins and fur seals live on the islands side by side with tropical animals.
a. True
b. False
​​​
Answer Key
--- General Information ---
1 D ---> Ecuador
​​
2 C ---> 13
​
3 C ---> 1959
4 C ---> UNESCO
​​​​​
5 D ---> Santa Cruz
​​​​​​​​
6 E ---> Isabel & Santa Cruz
​​​​
7 A ---> True
​
--- History --- ​​​​
8 B ---> False ---> Peru
​​
9 D ---> The Enchanted
​​
10 A ---> Spanish
​​
11 C ---> 300
​​​
12 C ---> Charles Darwin
​​
​
--- Climate ---
13 A ---> True
​
14 B ---> False ---> The islands have thousands of plant and animal species, of which the vast majority are endemic.
​​
15 B ---> False ---> The archipelago’s arid lowlands are covered by an open cactus forest.
​​
16 B ---> False ---> A transition zone at higher elevations is covered with a forest in which pisonia (a four o’clock plant) and guava trees dominate,
​
17 A ---> True
​​
18 A ---> True
​
​
​--- Animal Life/Wildlife ---
​​
19 ---> A ---> True
​​
20 ---> A ---> True
​
​21 A ---> True
​
22 B ---> False
Galapagos finches, for example, have developed a multitude of adaptive types from one common ancestral type; their subspecies now differ mainly in beak shape and size.
​
23 A ---> True
​​
24 B ---> False
Another species of interest is the flightless cormorant.
​​
25 A ---> True
​
​
Other English Reading Tasks
---
---